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Journal Article
Access to Paediatric Essential Medicines: A Survey of Prices, Availability, Affordability and Price Components in Shaanxi Province, China
PLoS ONE
Objective: To evaluate the prices and availability of paediatric essential medicines in Shaanxi Province, China. Methods: Price and availability data for 28 paediatric essential medicines were collected from 60 public hospitals and 60 retail pharmaci...
/Earth sciences/Geography/Geographic areas/Urban areas/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Urban geography/Urban areas/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Pediatrics/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices
Very Difficult (18.5)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090365
Journal Article
Availability, price, and affordability of medicines used for the management of Covid-19 in health facilities of Dessie town WHO/HAI survey
PLOS ONE
Background: The rapidly spreading nature of Covid-19 virus associated with its high mortality and mortality rate is triggering an unprecedented public health crisis. The study assessed the availability, price, and affordability of medicines used in t...
/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Urban geography/Towns/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care facilities/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Viral diseases/COVID 19/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices
Difficult (13.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279465
Journal Article
Measuring Access to Medicines: A Survey of Prices, Availability and Affordability in Shaanxi Province of China
PLoS ONE
Objective: To measure the prices and availability of selected medicines in Shaanxi Province after the implementation of new healthcare reform in 2009. Methods: Data on the prices and availability of 47 medicines were collected from 50 public and 36 p...
/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmaceutics/Drug therapy/Cardiovascular therapy/ACE inhibitor therapy/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drugs/Diazepam/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Global health
Very Difficult (17.2)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070836
Journal Article
Availability and stock-out duration of essential medicines in Shegaw Motta general hospital and Motta Health Centre, North West Ethiopia
PLOS ONE
Essential medicines are those that meet the population’s most pressing healthcare needs. As a result, they should always be available in sufficient quantities and the proper dosage forms within health facilities. The study aimed to determine the ava...
/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Hormones/Lipid hormones/Progesterone/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Microbial control/Antimicrobials/Antibiotics/Tetracyclines/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care facilities/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Infectious disease control/Vaccines/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drugs/Antimicrobials/Antibiotics/Tetracyclines
Difficult (12.2)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274776
Journal Article
Number of Patients Studied Prior to Approval of New Medicines: A Database Analysis
PLoS Medicine
In an evaluation of medicines approved by the European Medicines Agency 2000 to 2010, Ruben Duijnhoven and colleagues find that the number of patients evaluated for medicines approved for chronic use are inadequate for evaluation of safety o...
/Medicine and health sciences/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Clinical trials/Safety studies/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Adverse reactions/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Clinical trials/Safety studies
Very Difficult (16.3)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001407
Journal Article
Explaining why increases in generic use outpace decreases in brand name medicine use in multisource markets and the role of regulation
PLOS ONE
Background: Healthcare systems worldwide face escalating pharmaceutical expenditures despite interventions targeting pricing and generic substitution. Existing studies often overlook unwarranted volume increases in multisource markets due to differen...
/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Health insurance/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmaceutics/Therapeutic drug monitoring/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug interactions
Very Difficult (18.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301716
Journal Article
Facebook as a source of access to medicines
PLOS ONE
Over the last decade, we’ve observed an enormous social media development, which have recently become commercial services. Hence, we aimed to verify if Facebook might be considered as a source of access to medicines. We also intended to identify pre...
/Computer and information sciences/Computer networks/Internet/Computer and information sciences/Network analysis/Social networks/Social media/Computer and information sciences/Network analysis/Social networks/Social media/Facebook/Medicine and health sciences/Cardiology/Medicine and health sciences/Cardiology/Cardiovascular medicine
Difficult (12.6)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275272
Journal Article
Deprescribing in Frail Older People: A Randomised Controlled Trial
PLOS ONE
Objectives: Deprescribing has been proposed as a way to reduce polypharmacy in frail older people. We aimed to reduce the number of medicines consumed by people living in residential aged care facilities (RACF). Secondary objectives were to explore t...
/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological processes/Sleep/Medicine and health sciences/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care facilities/Hospitals/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Nurses/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Quality of life
Difficult (13.0)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149984
Journal Article
Quality of medicines in southern Togo: Investigation of antibiotics and of medicines for non-communicable diseases from pharmacies and informal vendors
PLOS ONE
Substandard and falsified medicines represent a serious threat for public health and patient safety. Especially in low and middle-income countries, the prevalence of substandard and falsified medicines is reportedly high. However, reliable informati...
/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Microbial control/Antimicrobials/Antibiotics/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Microbial control/Antimicrobials/Antibiotics/Doxycycline/Medicine and health sciences/Dermatology/Blisters/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Noncommunicable diseases/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Drug licensing
Very Difficult (15.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207911
Journal Article
Evaluating patients’, physicians’ and pharmacy professionals’ perception and concern regarding generic medicines in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: A multi-stakeholder, cross-sectional survey
PLOS ONE
Background: Generic medicine prescribing has become common practice in many countries. However, data regarding the perceptions of stakeholders (patients, prescribers and dispensers) regarding generic medicines in Ethiopia is scarce. The present surve...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Psychological attitudes/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Urban geography/Towns/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Drug discovery/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Ethiopia
Very Difficult (17.1)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204146
Journal Article
Medicine procurement in hospital pharmacies of Nepal: A qualitative study based on the Basel Statements
PLOS ONE
Background: Accessibility and affordability of evidence-based medicines are issues of global concern. For low-income countries like Nepal, it is crucial to have easy and reliable access to affordable, good-quality, evidence-based medicines, especiall...
/Medicine and health sciences/Critical care and emergency medicine/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health services administration and management/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Drug marketing/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Global health
Very Difficult (16.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191778
Journal Article
Sharing Medicine: The Candidacy of Medicines and Other Household Items for Sharing, Dominican Republic
PLoS ONE
Background: People share medicines and problems can result from this behavior. Successful interventions to change sharing behavior will require understanding people’s motives and purposes for sharing medicines. Better information about how medicines ...
/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy/Antiretroviral therapy/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Collective human behavior/Biology and life sciences/Sports science/Sports and exercise medicine/Biology and life sciences/Sports science/Sports and exercise medicine/Exercise/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy/Antiretroviral therapy
Difficult (13.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101007
Journal Article
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy professionals on generic medicines in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
PLOS ONE
Background: Generic medicines are similar to innovator medicine in terms of safety, quality, efficacy, dosage form, strength, and route of administration. They have the same therapeutic use to innovator medicines and available at a far lower price. H...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Psychological attitudes/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Allied health care professionals/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Drug discovery/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/Ethiopia
Very Difficult (15.1)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235205
Journal Article
Disposal practices of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among the general public in Quetta city, Pakistan
PLOS ONE
Objective: Although community practices towards disposal of expired and unused medications vary globally, the phenomenon is neglected specifically in developing countries. We, therefore, aimed to assess the disposal practices of unused and expired ph...
/Ecology and environmental sciences/Natural resources/Water resources/Medicine and health sciences/Critical care and emergency medicine/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care facilities/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Patients/Outpatients
Very Difficult (16.5)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268200
Journal Article
Availability, diversification and versatility explain human selection of introduced plants in Ecuadorian traditional medicine
PLOS ONE
Globally, a majority of people use plants as a primary source of healthcare and introduced plants are increasingly discussed as medicine. Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns...
/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Medicinal plants/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant pathology/Ecology and environmental sciences/Species colonization/Invasive species/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancer treatment
Very Difficult (15.6)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184369
Journal Article
Women’s experiences with the use of traditional medicine during childbirth in selected areas of Zambia
PLOS Global Public Health
While motherhood is often a positive and fulfilling experience, for many women, it is associated with suffering, pain, ill-health, and even death. Like in many African countries, some Zambian communities rely on traditional medicines to mitigate bir...
/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Herbs/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain/Medicine and health sciences/Complementary and alternative medicine/Herbal medicine/Medicine and health sciences/Complementary and alternative medicine/Traditional medicine/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors
Very Difficult (15.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005503
Journal Article
Disposal of expired medicines in Jordan: Practices of community pharmacists
PLOS One
The handling of expired medicines in community pharmacies in Jordan is a critical issue that warrants greater attention. It impacts the environment, public health, and society. However, no studies have investigated the practices of community pharmac...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Psychological attitudes/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Drug discovery/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Medical personnel/Pharmacists/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Medical personnel/Physicians
Very Difficult (15.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0348951
Journal Article
Surveillance for falsified and substandard medicines in Africa and Asia by local organizations using the low-cost GPHF Minilab
PLOS ONE
Background: Substandard and falsified medical products present a serious threat to public health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Their identification using pharmacopeial analysis is expensive and requires sophisticated equipment and ...
/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drugs/Antimalarials/People and places/Geographical locations/Africa/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/India/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Alkaloids/Quinine
Very Difficult (15.5)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184165
Journal Article
The coexistence of traditional medicine and biomedicine: A study with local health experts in two Brazilian regions
PLOS ONE
This study investigated the combined use of traditional medicine and biomedicine by local experts in Chapada do Araripe communities (Ceará State) and maroon communities (Santa Catarina State), Brazil. The objective was to understand the perception o...
/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Medicinal plants/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant pathology/Medicine and health sciences/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain/Medicine and health sciences/Complementary and alternative medicine/Traditional medicine
Very Difficult (15.9)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174731
Journal Article
The reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland
PLOS ONE
The aim of this study was to explore the reasons behind medicine shortages from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Finland. The study took the form of semi-structured interviews. Forty-one pharmaceutical co...
/Medicine and health sciences/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health economics/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Pharmacoeconomics/Drug prices/People and places/Geographical locations/Europe
Very Difficult (15.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179479